The ability to make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons rather than emotion or anecdote is called:

The answer is critical thinking.

Explanation:

Critical thinking is described as the ability to understand and analyse information, and later apply it in any relevant situation. It involves evaluating the accuracy, depth and consistency of the information.

A critical thinker ideally uses his intellect to guide his actions and beliefs.

in an absolute  monarchy, the  monarchrules as an autocrat, with absolutepower  over the state and government — for example, the right to rule by decree, promulgate laws, and impose punishments. the  monarch isnominally sovereign but the electorate, through their legislature, exercise political sovereignty.