Although classical approaches to speech planning were audience centered, scholars now recognize that effective speeches are speaker focused.

true/false

False , The correct answer is :Although classical approaches to speech planning were SPEAKER centered, scholars now recognize that effective speeches are AUDIENCE focused.

Explanation: according to research speakers need to understand and do research about their audience and try to make sure that they adapt to the situation of their audience. They need to prepare appropriate and proper presentation aids that will cater effectively to the type of audience to which they are delivering a speech. They also need to address the rhetorical situation and the speaker has to make sure they understand and create speech goals that cater to the rhetorical situation.

The rhetorical situation refers to an issues , audience and a set of constraints. A speaker also need to evaluate their information to make sure it is relevant to their audience.

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d. i assume the underlined word is "role." reformat if it isn't.

explanation:

role is closest to part because when replacing words, "playing a vital decision," "playing a vital activity," and "playing a vital dollar" don't make logical sense. the only meaningful choice is "playing a vital part."

this fits one of merriam-webster's definitions of role: "a function or part performed especially in a particular operation or process."