Jared, a four-year-old, is talking continually as he puts wooden shapes together to make a castle, describing the colors and how the shapes fit together. this form of self-talk is used for self-regulation, keeping himself focused on his task. developmentalists call this

Private speech

Explanation:

Private speech is a term that was given by Vygotsky. It is the transition process between social and inner speech. It is the point where thought and language combine and, make an inner speech in children. It is the earliest manifestation of speech by children.

Private speech and inner speech are the same rather than social speech. Private speech is defined in the contrast of social speech. This type of speech is addressed to the self-regulation. Inner speech is called covert speech whereas private speech is called overt speech. It is a planned activity and strategy for children to develop their cognition.  

Thus Jared is using the private speech here to develop his cognition.  

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