According to boling (2010, p. 2), "at heart, the design case is a description of a real artifact or experience that has been intentionally designed." she explains that the primary goal of a design case is to provide designers with precedent--defined by oxman as "the unique knowledge embedded in a known design" (as quoted in boling, 2010, p. 2). she further explains that expert designers are aware of numerous precedents which may be in future designs. for example, educational game designers can view unique cases of game designs as precedents, which, in turn, may facilitate design of new games.

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Games have lately become the preferred technology for the creation of educational and participatory experiences. These games have emerged in online environments, in schools, museums, large corporate events, and conferences. User experience designers must face the challenge of designing optimal gaming experiences for these new contexts. Nine very important parameters must be taken into account:

1. Understand the limits of designers.

2. Develop a visual language

3. Achieve a balance with the skill challenge

4. Make the game entertaining

5. Connect learning to previous user experiences

6. Replace words with direct actions

7. Maximize collaboration

8. Have a plan for cheats

9. Measure success

Explanation:

answer; being clearly political;

answer; intentional; outrageous;