Todd and his siblings have parents who are emotionally abusive to each other. when they engage in heated arguments, they expect todd to stay quiet and keep the other children under control. they allow the other children to cry and hide, but todd must stay in the room with them and referee. this is an example of

A non-shared environmental influence

Explanation:

A non-shared environmental influence occurs when a child is not involved but the argument will psychologically affect the child's emotions, feelings, and behavior. It leads to stress and anxiety in a child who faces the fighting of their parents.  

Non shared environment will affect the error of measurement.

Non shared environment influence is o negative in external affairs such as parents' abusive relationship. This relationship will badly affect the personality of a child.  

Thus in the above explanation, Todd and his sibling's parents were emotionally abusive so when they fight they expect that Todd will take other siblings under his control and allow them to cry but just stay in the room with other children.  

answer; /// i believe the correct answer is general act charters;

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