The notion that individuals should work hard, save their money, and avoid dependence on the state is sometimes referred to as the(a) protestant (work) ethic.(b) blue-collar ethic.(c) doctrine of social darwinism.(d) evolutionary principle.(e) labor theory of value.

(a) Protestant (work) ethic.

Explanation:Protestant ethic, in sociological theory,refers to how valuable hard work is considered to be and productivity of someone in the calling in this world which is mostly driven by the Calvinist view, In this view being productive in your calling and working hard will get you your chosen spot in eternal salvation

i believe your answer is mountains.

the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most seniority. in the south carolina senate, the chair is the committee member from the majority party who has the most committee seniority.