An autonomous political unit composed of a number of villages or communities under the permanent control of a paramount chief is referred to as

chiefdom

Explanation:

Embedded in the theory of cultural evolution, anthropologist describes Chiefdom as social-political organization in which communities were headed by a paramount chief. This type of political organization is found in the non-industrial world where the chief exercised power over several communities. A chief is seemed to have a divine right to rule and his position is permanent and hereditary.

gold discovery in california, and pioneer settlers were sometimes pulled west because they wanted to make a better living. others received letters from friends or family members who had moved west. these letters often told about a good life on the frontier. the biggest factor that pulled pioneers west was the opportunity to buy land.

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