The typical patterns of a group, such as its usual relationships between men and women or students and teachers, are referred to as

The typical patterns are referred to as social structure.

Explanation:

Society has an order and a hierarchy. A certain structure as to the different roles everyone plays within it.

Social structures are known as typical patterns of institutionalized relationships, which develop within a group and can be, as the example states usual relationships between students and teachers.  

1. state-issued photo ids. provide them for free for those who can't afford them.

2. the system we have seems to be working nearly perfectly. seems like about 31 cases per billion votes cast

3. the national policy for hiring new employees which requires proof of eligibility to work. there are something like 20 types of identification which can be used for this.

well, there are a lot of places we get information about earth from. like science classes, websites, books, newspapers, etc.