The maltreatment of others due to their gender ,sexual orientation ,race, age, ethnicity, or others factors is called

Discrimination

Explanation:

Discrimination (from Lat. Discriminatio - distinction) - in the most general sense, is social repression, infringement of rights or unfair treatment of members of groups of public minorities or the unprivileged majority. Discrimination can be defined as any form of negative attitude towards individuals or groups based on characteristics that are not acceptable and suitable in the conditions in which they take place. However, the concept of “acceptability” does not have a precise definition, therefore, it is traditionally considered unacceptable to restrict rights on grounds that do not objectively affect a person’s ability to exercise these rights (for example, race, nationality, sexual orientation, political or religious beliefs, largely gender) .

answer; the government can clearly justify the restriction;

answer; they both highlight the power of the situation in determining behavior;