Which of the following is true regarding the u. s. federal research misconduct policy?

a. the standard of innocent until proven guilty does not apply in misconduct cases.
b. misconduct must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
c. to have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly.
d. the policy covers conflicts of interest and the misuse of grant funding.

To have a misconduct finding, the action must have been committed intentionally,

Explanation:

Federal policy defines research misconduct as “fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.” This definition does not include honest error or differences of opinion or authorship disputes unless they involve plagiarism.

Therefore, any act of misconduct finding must have been committed intentionally when regarding to the US Federal research misconduct policy.