His writings did not specifically address crime; however, his ideas impacted willem bonger who viewed the criminal law as primarily protecting the interests of the propertied class. who is this?

   This is Karl Marx

Explanation: Karl Marx, as the creator of the communist idea and the creator of the idea of a classless society as the ultimate goal, saw that a class-based society created the conditions for the exploitation of one class - the workers, for the sake of profit and the benefits accrued by the capitalists, that is, the ruling class. All laws, even criminal law, are therefore creatures of the ruling class, so that by obeying the laws that ruling class has created and enacted, so it can be held in power and maintained the order that suits them.

So this idea of Marx was not to talk about crime itself, but of a tool used by the ruling class to promote its laws and interests. The ruling class creates criminal law to protect its own actions and to prevent the subordinate class from reacting to and opposing them. In other words, what, according to Marx, is allowed to the ruling class, the working class is not, because if the working class goes after it, then it is crime, and according to Marx, one of  the ways of exploiting workers.

This Marx idea also influenced the Dutch criminologist Willem Bonger, who saw the connection between crime, that is, how crime is treated and understood, and the social conditions determined by the interests of the ruling class.

as university of miami psychologists debra lieberman and adam smith pointed out in a recent article in the journal current directions in psychological science, humans have social and psychological mechanisms to deter incest. with very few exceptions, marriages between brothers and sisters and between parents and their children are verboten in every human culture. the primary psychological anti-incest mechanism is the yuck response. even the idea of sex with their mom or dad, bro or sis is upsetting to most people. the psychologist jonathan haidt has found that nearly everyone is repelled by the prospect of brother-sister sex, even in hypothetical situations in which there is no chance of pregnancy).

the biological cost of incest

this raises an interesting question: just what’s so bad about incest? sure, having sex with your dad or your sister seems gross — but why? some anthropologists have argued that incest taboos are learned social conventions. this explanation, however, doesn’t make sense to me as it does not explain the widespread existence of anti-incest mechanisms in creatures ranging from cockroaches to chimpanzees. second, the incest taboo is about as close to a universal law as human moral rules get.

why should mechanisms to avoid incest be so widespread both in nature and across human societies? the answer is simple. the problem with having sex close with relatives is that there is an astonishingly high chance that your offspring will be born with a serious birth defect.

answer; primary source information;