Maslow's hierarchical model

has been validated by a number of studies

has been invalidated by intuitive means

has never been validated by studies

has been validated by empirical studies

The answer is- Has never been validated by studies

Explanation:

Maslow's theory is one of the five theories of motivation. According to this theory we have five categories of needs which are; physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualization. In his theory, higher needs in the hierarchy begin to emerge when people feel they have sufficiently satisfied the previous need. It is a hierarchy because needs are satisfied sequentially.

However, Maslow's theory was based on his own personal observations and his biographical analysis of individuals he considered to be "self-actualized". The theory was not based on any credible empirical research and has never been tested adequately as a complete theory. Research data does not validate this theory.

forty niners migrated west due to gold discovery in california and it the west was a new place for hope this : )

explanation:

well considering i can't see the graph, it's probably prices