Jennifer goes out at night with a spray can and writes on a stop sign. she successfully vandalizes for the first time. labeling theorists would call this deviance.

a. stigmatized
b. social control
c. secondary
d. primary

The right answer is d.

Explanation:

Primary deviance is the first stage of a deviant behavior. Deviance is a type of behavior that veers away from established social norms and from what is taught. Deviance is a social creation; social groups create deviance by setting rules whose breaking means deviance, and apply them to particular people, labeling them outsiders, according to sociologists.  Primary deviance are the first acts of deviance by an individual that have only minor consequences for that person´s  social status.

the arab empire adopted the muslim religion as their main belief. arabs would influence the people from the territories they invaded towards islam (the muslim belief).

nevertheless, throughout the history of the arab empire, rulers brought intellectual individuals from other religions to their centers of learning. these other foreigners included jews, christians, greeks, persians, and indians.   these resulted in the adoption of important knowledge developed by these cultures by the arabic empire. for example, the works of aristotle were translated from greek to arab and indian scientists brought the numerical concept of "zero" to the arabs.

nowadays, 93% of the arab population is muslim, which at the same time is subdivided in sects including the sunni, zaini, alawi, shia. the remaining 7% is composed mainly of christians.