Is an award that encourages technological development to benefit humanity

The X prize.

Explanation:

The X prize foundation it's a non-profit foundation whose mission is to radically change the world through technical advances. It gives high profit prizes to motivate everyone who's interested in participating to benefit humanity. It has several prizes in different areas of expertise (be it nature, space, etc) and, those who participate, could win a lot of money to keep funding said experiments or theories.  

even though you have attached neither the chart nor the generalizations, i have located them online. the right answer is d, since they are asking you about a generalization. you can only infer from the chart that between 2008 and 2009 the number of employed workers decreased significantly (from over 115 millions to 107 millions approximately), which signals some type of economic crisis.