His friends begin to criticize marco as a "juice-head," pushing him out of their social circle. feeling rejected, marco begins to drink even more, becomes bitter, and joins a new group of friends who also are heavy drinkers. according to lemert, marco's situation illustrates select one: a) the formation of a deviant subculture. b) the onset of primary deviance. c) the onset of retreatism. d) the onset of secondary deviance.

d) the onset of secondary deviance.                                    

Explanation:

Labeling theory possesses the idea of deviance as a relative term and includes two types of deviance i.e, the primary and the secondary deviance.

Secondary deviance: In sociology, the term secondary deviance refers to the phenomenon through which a person makes something in the absence of a particular deviant behavior and because of that a negative social label occurs that often leads to change or alter an individual's social identity and self-concept. Deviant behavior is often considered as criminal behavior.

In the question above, According to Lemert, Marco's situation illustrates the onset of secondary deviance.

the most likely outcome of fewer loon territories is that hawks would increase in proportion because the benefit of victory would be greater. hawks and loons are natural rivals of resources and victories in the game, since the lakes drying up affected the loons, the hawks would be benefited from the drought.

south, because if you took a map you would see texas is directly in the middle of east and west, but it is also downwards towards mexico, therefore it is south