Proactive interference refers to the a disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information. b blocking of painful memories from conscious awareness. c disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. d integration of current information into implicit memories. e incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event.

C

Explanation:

Proactive interference occurs when memories or information retained previously affects an individual from retaining new memories or information. It happens due to "competition" between memories or information. Association of memories also has to do with proactive interference as interaction between different sets of memory causes interference.

the correct answer on edgen is:

(c.) prevent the spread of communism.

i just took the test.