Liz and molly work as clerks in nia's dress shop. nia withholds federal taxes from their pay, and controls the methods and details of the performance of their work. liz and molly are not authorized to modify the prices or other terms of a sale at the shop. refer to fact pattern 32-1b. nia hires o'reilly's carpet company to clean the carpets of her shop. nia gives o'reilly's instructions as to what needs to be cleaned and when. o'reilly's is:

an independent contractor  

Explanation:

An independent contractor is any person or business or organization that gives services and goods in a written contract or sometimes a verbal agreement also. Unlike the employees, independent contractors does not work on a regular basis for the employer but he or she works as required, when they are subjected to the law of agency.  

In the context, Nia hires O'Reilly as an independent contractor to clean the carpets of her dress shop and gives her instruction what to clean and when to clean.

the psychological impact of incarceration

explanation:

a brief interference with a person's freedom of movement with a duration that can be measured in minute.

answer; john stuart mill's principle of utility is your answer; /// good luck