Freud believed that defense mechanisms resulted from but researchers now believe that they result from a need to
a. anger; defend ourselves from threats of harm
b. impulses; protect our self-image
c. anger; protect our self-image
d. impulses; repress traumatic memories

b. impulses; protect our self-image.

Explanation:

Freud believed that defense mechanisms resulted from impulses, but researchers now believe that they result from a need to protect our self-image. According to Sigmund Freud, we use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from unpleasant impulses and feelings, such as anxiety or guilt. These mechanisms are unconsciously applied to protect a person from what is seen as threatening or unpleasant. Researchers now have stated that these defense mechanisms serve to protect our self-image.

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