Species is the reduced size of the island fox, a feature known as dwarfism. the various island subspecies also differ from each other in size, number of tail vertebrae, and other characteristics. the phylogenetic tree below shows the evolutionary relationships between the island fox subspecies and the gray fox. drag the labels to their appropriate locations on the tree. first, drag the blue labels onto the blue tar

The increase in species with the area in which they occur (islands, lakes, etc.) is one of the first empirical patterns identified by ecologists and biogeographers.

In classical metapopulation models extinction and immigration determine the persistence of a species in a patch system. Here we will do basically the same thing, only this time we will consider several species at the same time and instead of population size our interest will be the number of species in each spot, which in this case will be islands.

an informal structure in a bureaucracy would be something like so-called "office politics". where there's a formal structure set up for the organization, but then an informal subculture as well that has a way of organizing the bureaucracy further. this can be positive because it sets up an added degree of organization, albeit informal, within the bureaucracy.