Learners with a(n) mindset believe people are either born intelligent or they are not. they avoid a challenge because they fear their intelligence may not be up to the task.

The answer is fixed mindset.

Explanation:

In contrast to a growth mindset, which defines people who believe their intelligence can be improved with personal exprience, a person with a fixed mindset thinks it's impossible to change the way they are, regardless of the circumstances.

Fixed mindsets often hinder people from overcoming new challenges.

the secretary of state, appointed by the president with the advice and consent of the senate, is the president's chief foreign affairs adviser. the secretary carries out the president's foreign policies through the state department and the foreign service of the united states.