Dr. sarolli is planning on measuring literacy (defined as the ability to read and write written text in one’s native language). he decides he wants to create a quantitative operational definition. create an ordinal, interval, and ratio way to measure literacy.

Within-group factorial design

Explanation:

Within-group factorial design: This is the design in all the participant gets an opportunity to get all the treatment or have to exposed to the condition. The different levels of the independent variables indicated the treatment condition. These variables are manipulated by the experimenter and these variables are treated with a dependent variable that is critical and responsible for the treatment. It is beneficial for two or more groups that are tested under different factors. In this design error variance reduced. In this type of experiment, the individual is assigned for independent variables or treatments.  

answer; (b) ; /stronger bonds between the nations of africa

answer; elasticity of the lungs decreases;