In an advertisement for activist group a, a beautiful actress says she is against using animals for testing cosmetics. in an advertisement for activist group b, an average looking research scientist explains how animals are physically harmed in cosmetic testing. according to the elaboration likelihood model, activist group a is using the route to influence attitudes, whereas activist group b is using the route to influence attitudes.

Activist Group A is using the peripheral route and Activist Group B is using the central route.

Explanation:

Under the peripheral route, a person makes simple assumptions about a postition based on positive or negative cues, and is not related to logical reasoning. The stimilus probably will be attractive to provoke a quicker response. If someone under the peripheral route is trying, for example, to buy a car, he will probably base his decision on the colour, speed or even how attractive the car is to others.

Under the central route, a person thinks deeply about the real merits of a position. Using the same car example, a person under this route will probably look for the cost, reliability, and may read reviews before buying. This depends on the recipent's ability to form an argument and his/her attitude towards the position --that is, a negative attitude is very likely to resist the message despite the merits presented.

- "instead, differing christian groups often believed that their own practices and faiths and the reforming puritans, contributing to an english civil war in the 1600s. indians, and they were the first to issue a public condemnation of slavery in america. up a wave of religious fervor and the beginning of the great awakening."

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the earth’s crust is broken into separate pieces called tectonic plates (fig. 7.14). recall that the crust is the solid, rocky, outer shell of the planet. it is composed of two distinctly different types of material: the less-dense continental crust and the more-dense oceanic crust. both types of crust rest atop solid, upper mantle material. the upper mantle, in turn, floats on a denser layer of lower mantle that is much like thick molten tar.

each tectonic plate is free-floating and can move independently. earthquakes and volcanoes are the direct result of the movement of tectonic plates at fault lines. the term fault is used to describe the boundary between tectonic plates. most of the earthquakes and volcanoes around the pacific ocean basin—a pattern known as the “ring of fire”—are due to the movement of tectonic plates in this region. other observable results of short-term plate movement include the gradual widening of the great rift lakes in eastern africa and the rising of the himalayan mountain range. the motion of plates can be described in four general patterns:

collision: when two continental plates are shoved together

subduction: when one plate plunges beneath another (fig. 7.15)

spreading: when two plates are pushed apart (fig. 7.15)

transform faulting: when two plates slide past each other (fig. 7.15)