Not all of the members of everyday categories have the same features. most fish have gills, fins, and scales. sharks lack the feature of scales, yet they are still categorized as fish. this poses a problem for the approach to categorization.
a) prototype
b) exemplar
c) classical (definitional)

c) classical (definitional)

Explanation:

Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that this poses a problem for the approach to categorization known as the classical or definitional approach. This approach follows the idea of categorizing things based on resemblance in many aspects of the items in the category, or items that follow a specific definition. Which in this scenario if the fishes that don't match in the same characteristics as the other fishes are placed in the same category then it will cause confusion and problems.

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answer:

d. because dr. laguardia selected a widely used measure, his study generalizes to has strong external validity. external validity has limited external validity. other applications of this measure.

the widely used measure that he applied to his experiment was the benton facial recognition test. it employed on to football players and as result, only players who suffered brain concussions did not pas this test. and although it has an external validity, it is limited because it isn't general to apply to other population.