Cerys has read all the books on mythology in his school’s library, and he is intrigued by how the stories all seem to have similar elements and themes. in each story there is a hero and a villain, a damsel in distress, a wise old man or woman to guide the hero, and a funny sidekick. jung would tell cerys that the commonalities are there because the story creators were all tapping the
a) archetypes.
b) object relations.
c) psychodynamics.
d) mandalas.

A) archetypes.

Explanation:

Archetypes refers to a very generalized and typical characteristics that we used to describe a person with one particular position. It is very common to see similar archetypes in different stories to help the readers understand the Character's psyche.

This is what Cerys had in her mind when she is observing the characters that exist in stories. I'm sure most people are also familiar with such archetypes.

- The hero : Brave, Gallant , Honorable, strong, Capable

- The Damsel : Beautiful, Helpless, Fair mannered, Soft-spoken

- The Villain : Ruthless, cruel,  Willing to bend rules to get their goals.

- The sidekick : Funny, Accommodating, Typically weaker and less capable than the heroes

Etc.

Carl jung believed that every individuals tend to developed such archetypes from daily observations that we do since early age. It  create some sort of 'expectation' that we have toward people with specific status.

answer; rational if melanie values sleep more highly than the benefits she expects to receive from attending the class;

answer; coleman griffith;