What are achieved and ascribed statuses? sociology

 Status is a term often used in sociology. There are generally two types of status, achieved status and ascribed status.

Each can refer to the position, or role, within a social system - child, parent, student, playmate, etc. - or the economic or social position within that status.

Achieved status is one that is earned on merit; It is a position that is won or chosen and reflects the skills, abilities and efforts of a person. Being a professional athlete, for example, is a status earned, as is being a lawyer, college professor or even a criminal.

Assigned status, on the other hand, is beyond the control of an individual. It is not deserved, but it is something that people are born with or have no control over. Examples of assigned status include gender, race, and age. Children generally have more assigned status than adults, as they generally have no choice in most issues.

absolute poverty the condition of having too little income to buy the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, health care.

achieved status a social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.

affirmative action the requirement that employers make special efforts to recruits hire and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities.

aggregate a collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space--for example, a crowd of people crossing a city street.

agrarian societies societies in which large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals is the primary means of subsistence.

alienation the separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.

amalgamation the biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.

anomalies in science observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

anomie a breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society. a condition of relative normlessness.

anomie theory the theory suggesting that deviance and crime occur when there is an acute gap between cultural norms and goals and the socially structured opportunities for individuals to achieve those goals.

anticipatory socialization the process of taking on the attitudes values and behaviors of a status or role one expects to occupy in the future.

apartheid the recent policy of racial separation in south africa enforced by leg

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