When people rely on mental shortcuts to reach a conclusion or make a decision, they often fail to take into account how common a behavior or characteristic is in general. what kind of information do scientists call this?

Base rate                        

Explanation:

Base rate: It is defined as the deductive chance or odds that an individual of a particular group or population will carry a specific characteristic, presuming that another person would not know anything about that individual except the character of the individual as a whole population or group that has been determined.

In the given question, the kind of information scientists call this is base rate.

you should try adrenaline. it kicks in in situations like this.