Statements such as "minority groups need to take responsibility for their own predicament" and "in order to succeed, people need to stop complaining and start working" do not take into account environmental factors. these are examples of:

(a) stereotypical beliefs.
(b) guiding principles for action.
(c) cultural tolerance.
(d) challenging culture-bound values.

(A) stereotypical beliefs.

Explanation:  Stereotypical beliefs are those beliefs that are mistaken values followed by people with faith .These values or beliefs tend to be completely or partially false.It is usually based on the outside part and presence of person and neglecting the actual interior behavior.

The statements mentioned in the question are describing about the stereotypical beliefs by blaming minority groups for their unpleasant state.Also stating that rather than complaining , people should focus work and neglect environmental factors.

Other options are incorrect because principles for conducting action does not relate with statement. Cultural tolerance describe no discrimination regarding people of other culture. No one is challenging the values of the culture .Thus, the correct option is option (A).

the following men who did not in the unification of italy were.

a) giuseppe mazzini

c) alexander ll

the other two men were camilo cavour and giuseppe garibaldi they the unification of italy by yielding territories in the italian unification. in 1861 italy was declared a united-nation state under the sardinian king victor immanuel ll.