When a participant’s expectation about what effect an experimental manipulation is supposed to have influences the dependent measure independently of the actual effect of the manipulation, the change in the dependent measure is called a. a placebo effect. b. an experimenter bias. c. a confound. d. a demand characteristic

A. Placebo Effect.

Explanation:

Whenever a substance with no particular qualities or benefits is used for the treatment of an individual with the aim of obtaining a response influenced by the individual's false belief in the substance potential, the placebo effect is at play in this situation.

This concept fits that of the one explained in the question. Therefore, option A is correct.

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