Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement? a. park wants to avoid detention, so he follows the school rules and does not smoke on the playground. b. ryan observes cameron getting a time out for spitting out her toast. because he saw his friend punished, he does not spit out his toast. c. babs saw martin receive a candy bar for completing his reading list. she is careful to complete her reading list because she saw martin get a reward for doing it. d. lana wants to receive a candy bar and she knows from reading the rulebook that she will receive one if she earns enough good behavior tokens.

An 8-year-old boy named “george” was diagnosed with a rare constellation of five auto-immunediseases; two of these diseases were terminal and could take his life. at the time of diagnosis, thediseases were very aggressive; he faced the possibility of being completely bed-ridden in the next couple of months and facing death within five months. however, george received aggressive treatments and experienced the support of a loving family. after two years of treatments, george began to be angry about his condition. one night, his older brother was goingto bed and he saw his younger brother on the floor. he nudged him and asked, “what are you doing? ” george responded that he was praying because he did not want to be angry at god. he then asked his older brother, “why did god allow these diseases to happen to me? ” the older brother then said, “let’s go and talk to mom and dad.” george approached his parents and posedthis question: “why did god give me all of these diseases? ”the mom and dad come to you and ask, "what should we share with our son? " consider the following questions as you complete your thread: what are the doctrinal issues to consider in this situation? how would these doctrines aid you in sharing with the parents? if the parents requested that you counsel their son, what information would you counsel george?