To motivate employees to perform better, the human resources department of martianse, a chain of retail apparel stores, replaced the company's fixed incentive system with a performance-based incentive system. in this scenario, martianse's human resources department is most likely using

Behavioral substitution

Explanation:

According to my research on organizational and industrial psychology, I can say that based on the information provided within the question Martianse's human resources department is most likely using Behavioral substitution. This term refers to replacing certain old behaviors with potentially new behaviors, and is done by changing certain aspects of the job that are encouraging the old behaviors and adding new aspects or models that will encourage the new behaviors that are wanted. In this scenario the aspect that will encourage the new behaviors is a performance based incentive system, that will reward employees for performing better.

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citizens were able to charge more for their goods and services