Samantha taught her 4-year-old cousin how to do jumping jacks. first, she rewarded him for jumping up and down on the spot. then, she rewarded him for jumping up and down while alternating wide-leg landings with narrow-leg landings. finally, she rewarded him for doing this kind of jumping while also raising his arms from his sides in time to each of his wide-legged jumps. this learning strategy best illustrates the process of:

the process of shaping.

Explanation:

Shaping is the process of establishing a behavior that hasn’t been learned or performed by an individual. Shaping is also  defined as the procedure which involves reinforcing behaviors. Target behavior is also known as successive approximations. This method was developed by Skinner, who is famous for his theories that involve learning behaviors through reinforcement.

The theory of shaping involves reinforcing behavior that are successively closer to the approximations of the desired and targeted behavior.

How vital the process of shaping is says the fact that not always an organism will display the exact target behavior spontaneously. By reinforcing the behavior that is closer to the desired behavior, the required behavior can be taught/learned. Step by step, the procedure of reinforcing different behaviors, the ultimate behavior will be achieved, and it’s called Successive Approximations.

absolute poverty the condition of having too little income to buy the necessities-- food, shelter, clothing, health care.

achieved status a social position (status) obtained through an individual's own talents and efforts.

affirmative action the requirement that employers make special efforts to recruits hire and promote qualified members of previously excluded groups including women and minorities.

aggregate a collection of unrelated people who do not know one another but who may occupy a common space--for example, a crowd of people crossing a city street.

agrarian societies societies in which large scale cultivation using plows and draft animals is the primary means of subsistence.

alienation the separation or estrangement of individuals from themselves and from others.

amalgamation the biological as well as cultural assimilation (merging) of racial or ethnic groups.

anomalies in science observations or problems that cannot be explained or solved in terms of a prevailing paradigm.

anomie a breakdown or confusion in the norms, values, and culture of a group or a society. a condition of relative normlessness.

anomie theory the theory suggesting that deviance and crime occur when there is an acute gap between cultural norms and goals and the socially structured opportunities for individuals to achieve those goals.

anticipatory socialization the process of taking on the attitudes values and behaviors of a status or role one expects to occupy in the future.

apartheid the recent policy of racial separation in south africa enforced by leg

explanation:

fir trees are found in areas with cooler climates. fir trees have needles for leaves and remain green year-round.