By paying college students a subsidy equal to the external benefit from a college education, the government will cause students to internalize the externality. that is, the external benefit from a college education will become a a. social benefit received by producers, and the supply curve for college educations will shift up. b. private benefit received by college students, and the demand curve for college educations will shift up. c. social benefit received by producers, and the supply curve for college educations will shift down. d. private benefit received by college students, and the demand curve for college educations will shift down.

Norman jones, an economic historian at the university of utah, has described the views of the ancient greek philosopher aristotle on interest: aristotle defined money as a good that was consumed by use. unlike houses and fields, which are not destroyed by use, money must be spent to be used. there- fore, as we cannot rent food, so we cannot rent money. moreover, money does not reproduce. a house or a flock can produce new value by use, so it is not unreasonable to ask for a return on their use. money, being barren, should not, therefore, be expected to produce excess value. thus, interest is unnatural. what did aristotle mean in arguing that money is “barren”? why would money being barren mean that lenders should not charge interest on loans? do you agree with aristotle’s reasoning? briefly explain.