11. how did the caravel differ from earlier ships? (1 point) it was powered by a steam engine. it had several cannons on it for protection. it had square sails to make it faster than earlier ships. it was smaller, lighter, and could be more easily controlled.

12. across which ocean did the portuguese sail from the west coast of africa to asia? (1 point) arctic atlantic indian pacific

13. how did vasco de gama portugal gain influence in india’s spice trade? (1 point) by traveling along the silk road by opening sea route to the west by finding the northwest passage by sailing around the southern tip of africa

14. why did king ferdinand and queen isabella need money from trade with asia? (1 point) they had to pay for a recently fought war. the needed to pay for previous expeditions. they were planning on moving to another country. they did not earn much money as king and queen.

15. what did christopher columbus hope to find when he sailed west in 1492? (1 point) the american continents a sea route to asia a refuge from the spanish monarchs uninhabited islands in the caribbean

16. what statement best describes the encounter between spanish and native americans? (1 point) native americans prospered from the spanish, who taught them about new technology. native americans were not affected by the spanish explorers or settlers because they were peaceful. native americans lost their land, were forced to work as slaves, and were killed by war or disease. native americans continued to live their lives as they had done before the spanish arrived.

17. which is the best definition of the columbian exchange? (1 point) the name of columbus’s last expedition to north america the transfer of diseases from native americans to europeans the trade routes for goods between north america and europe the movement of cultures and goods between eastern and western hemispheres

18. why did the columbian exchange have such a devastating impact on native americans? (1 point) new types of weapons increased fighting among native peoples. competition for trade with europeans damaged native economies. sea voyages among natives unfamiliar with ships led to many deaths. native peoples lacked immunity to diseases that came with europeans.

19. geography had important effects on native american cultures. compare and contrast the way geography was reflected in the lives of the puebloan and the powhatan peoples. (4 points) a drawing shows a plains indian village. native americans and horses sit and stand among a cluster of teepees. use the image to answer the question.

20. what native american people most likely lived in this settlement? how do you know? describe characteristics unique to their culture, including how they adapted to their environment. (4 points)