In times of crisis, such as a war or natural disaster, leaders may be commended for their decisive actions. in other situations, however, they may be criticized for being dictatorial and for fostering intergroup hostility.

Authoritarian, is the right answer.

Explanation:

The authoritarian Leadership Style is also recognized as an autocratic leadership style. It is manifested when a leader executes strategies and systems, decides what aims are to be achieved, and directs and oversees all plans without any meaningful cooperation by the followers. In brief, it is a kind of leadership in which all the power lies with an individual or general. Such a manager has enough charge of the company, giving low freedom within the company. This type of guidance is well suited for ignorant, unambitious workers.

a: social security and social programs

answer; ///i believe the correct answer is (b) the writing of the ancients who lived in india after the indus valley inhabitants died out;