One of your classmates moved to the united states from somalia as a kid in the late 1990s. after seeing a picture of his family, you notice that he and his sister must have been undernourished for several years. what would be a valid reason for arriving at this conclusion?

Your friend and his sister are shorter than their parents

Explanation:

When you see the photo, you observe that your friend and his sister are shorter than their parents because of malnutrition.  

Malnutrition occurs due to improper diet. It happens when nutrients consumption is too high or low. It may cause delayed growth because of lack of nutrients while too many nutrients lead to obesity.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.        

question 1: paragraph 3

question 2: paragraph 2

question 3: paragraph 1

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