Which company was the victim of a distributed denial-of-service (ddos) attack that forced the company to close operations and to eventually transfer over 2,500 customers to a rival organization?

Cloudnine communications

Explanation:

Cloudnine communications -  CloudNine Communications was a small British Internet service provider (ISP). It was compelled to sell its company to challenger Zetnet in 2002 after a crippling DDoS attack.  CloudNine is one of the initial ISPs from Britain.

Cloud Nine was elected ISP Review ISP of the Year 2000 and was listed continually in the leading 10 UK ISPs from October-2000 to January-2002.

this null effect is caused by a weak manipulation and ineffective internal validity. in a scientific study, as the one dr. morimoto is trying to perfom, internal validity refers to the confidence placed in the cause-effect relationship and to how well an experiment is done and able to eliminate confounding variables.