Growth in brain sophistication during middle childhood allows the child to direct his or her focus on certain self-chosen environmental elements to the exclusion of others. this ability is known as:

Selective attention

Explanation:

According to my research on studies conducted by various sociologists, I can say that based on the information provided within the question this ability is known as Selective attention. Like mentioned in the question this is the process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time while excluding other elements at the same time.

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the federal government of the united states was established by the constitution. us is a presidential republic. the president is head of state, head of government and of a two party legislative and electoral system. the supreme court balances the powers of the federal and the state government. yhe executive branch is headed by the oresident. there are two chambers of congress, the senate and the house of representatives. judicial power is exercised by the judicial branch (or judiciary), comprised of the supreme court and lower federal courts. the judiciary's function is to interpret the   constitution as well as the federal laws and regulations.