Briefly explain the underlying reason for the emergence of the spoils system.

Which is relatively better: a score of 76 on a psychology test or a score of 22 on an economics test? scores on the psychology test have a mean of 90 and a standard deviation of 13. scores on the economics test have a mean of 52 and a standard deviation of 10.

What is the difference between the idea of stare decisis and something being constitutional?

On the doctoral journey, you will need to adjust your thinking and perspective. it is inevitable that your world view will be challenged. how you respond to those instances of challenging remains in your control. this may sound daunting and even seem to be unacceptable, but it is the inexorable result of engaging in "deep thinking" while becoming an academic. remember, you are not just becoming a researcher, but you are also becoming a learned person (an academic) who will be charged with the responsibility of acting as a gatekeeper of knowledge and knowledge development. what distinguishes an infant academic from a mature academic? explain. how does the above biblical challenge to move toward mature thinking parallel the increased responsibility for knowledge and knowledge development that comes with the earning of a doctoral degree? explain.