Which of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the american psychological association?
a. participants may not withdraw once they start.
b. participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.
c. participants must not be deprived of food.
d. participants cannot be subjected to shock of any kind.
e. participants cannot be deceived about aspects of the research.

b. Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision.

Explanation:

There´s an ethical obligation to ensure people are capable of making an informed decision when participating in any research.

Valid consent requires no coercion, giving participants all relevant information, and guaranteeing they are capable of using that information to make a decision. APA's Ethics Code orders that psychologists to inform participants about the purpose of the research, it´s foreseen span and the details of the process.

b hope this

the anti federalists was a movement that was opposed to the creation of a us federal government. although they were not as organized as the federalists, they also had a large group of leaders, especially in state politics.

the statement "now, in a large extended country, it is impossible to have a representation, possessing the sentiments, and of integrity, to declare the minds of the people” represents the concerns of the anti federalists.

they strongly believed that the federalists were representing the interests of aristocratic elements of society at the expense of the majority of ordinary people, who lived in a rural society.

their fear for the creation of a strong federal government and the president’s power of veto in their opinion would create a tyrannical rule that would dominate the people. they defended the importance of restraining the government’s power towards people at any cost.