Advances in electronics, miniaturization, digitalization, and software programming give people devices that can collect, access, store, transmit, analyze, and manipulate data and other information in nanoseconds. this advance relates best to
a. mcdonaldization.
b. urbanization.
c. global interdependence.
d. the information explosion.

   D. The information explosion

Explanation:  With advanced technologies and mobile devices that have computer capabilities, the ability to constantly upgrade and enhance the software, there has been an explosion of information. The very fact of powerful internet connection and speed make it possible to transmit information almost instantly, in support of it.

Certainly, the explosion of information has also contributed to the interdependence at the global level, due to the global economy and other aspects of the need for information sharing. However, the fact is that the development of information technology has primarily created the phenomenon of information availability, which has never been recorded before.

Urbanization as such has been a phenomenon since the Industrial Revolution and even later during various migrations due to the need of industry and the economy in general.

As for McDonaldization, perhaps advanced technologies have contributed to the development of this brand, as a convenient place to share information. Although Starbucksization or Costacoffeeization also may be debated in this regard, however, an explosion of information is available no matter where we are.