Who opened the 23rd canadian parliament the first monarch of canada to open a parliamentary session

How has the elimination of trade barriers affected the movement of goods among member countries of the european union? a. member countries are able to produce all the goods they need. b. goods can move freely among member countries. c. member countries no longer need to trade with countries outside the eu. d. larger countries are able to import more goods than smaller ones.

Growth of the business (be sure to use the terms “culture” and “cultural diffusion” in this section.) of debbie fields. plz me

The defendant, angered because a rival gang member had twice beaten him up after school, obtained a heavy lead pipe and waited in a deserted alleyway which he knew the rival took as a route home every day after school. when his enemy came walking down the alley, the defendant leapt out behind him and smashed the pipe into the victim's head, knocking him to the ground. the defendant then rolled the victim over and pounded his face with 15 to 20 heavy blows with the lead pipe, killing him. the jurisdiction defines first degree murder as murder committed with premeditation and deliberation. all other murders are defined as second degree murders. why will the defendant be convicted of first degree murder (as opposed to second degree murder)?