James was raised by his mother; his father was not involved in child rearing. a friend of james' grandmother named fred provided a lot of support to james while he was growing up. fred was given honorary status as james' father. sociologists call this

The correct answer would be, Sociologists call this Kinship.

Explanation:

Kinship is a concept in sociology which believes that there could be a strong bond between two persons which do not have any first hand relation with each other. This relationship or bond is so pure that it does not need any blood or documented evidence. For example, in this case, James' grandmother's friend, Fred, provided a lot of support in raising James which his real blood father did not. So he was given honorary status of James's Father which is called Kinship by Sociologists.

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