jack, jim, and justin all have intellectual disabilities. jack's mother was a chronic alcoholic. jim's mother beat him on the head repeatedly when he was an infant. justin was born prematurely and suffered from a lack of oxygen at birth. the cause of intellectual disabilities for all three boys is due to

Non genetic biological factors

Explanation:

Neither Jack Jim or Justine are disabled intellectually because of their genes, outside forces caused their issues and as such they are not genetic.

The cause of intellectual disabilities for all three boys is due to Acquired intellectual deficiencies (external causes and not for genetics).

Explanation:

It is a condition diagnosed before the age of 18 that includes a general intellectual functioning below average and a lack of the necessary skills for daily life.

The causes of intellectual disability may include:

    racial conflict and discrimination has existed ever since man learned to kill with rocks and bones. these conflicts arose from disputes between territory, power, wealth, religion, or simple difference. some of the most infamous racial disputes include slavery, the holocaust, and the civil rights movement.

    these listed disputes often resulted in casualties from all sides. riots, wars, imprisonment, and lynching are all commonly associated with racial conflict on severe levels.

      however, racism is an improving issue in recent decades. people are being more accepting and welcoming of diverse populations. though, the world isn't perfect and it will take much more time, if ever, until the world is rid of racism.

answer; shays rebellion;