Which type of research method attempts to answer the question, "why are they doing that? " (site 1)

The type of research method is called "Qualitative Research Method"

Explanation:

Qualitative Research is a research which is carried out on any topic to get complete information/data on such topic.

The research can be scientific research, market research etc.

The question " why are they doing that"  when asked, needs thorough investigation and discussion about a topic. Qualitative analysis is the research method that is suitable to answer such question.

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