What was the result in the case in the text "christy brzonkala v. antonio j. morrison et al." in which the defendants alleged the unconstitutionality of civil remedies available under the federal violence against women act?
a. that congress lacked the authority under the u. s. constitution to enact the law.
b. that congress validly passed the law pursuant to the first amendment to the u. s. constitution.
c. that congress validly passed the law pursuant to the second amendment to the u. s. constitution.
d. that congress validly passed the law pursuant to the fourth amendment to the u. s. constitution.
e. that congress validly passed the law pursuant to the fourteenth amendment to the u. s. constitution.