Which observational study design recruits a representative sample of a population, asks them to complete a survey, and uses that information to get a "snapshot" of health status in the population at one point in time?

The answer is: Prevalence (Cross-sectional) Survey

Prevalence (Cross-sectional) Survey directly measures the input given by the subjects with the final conclusions, without waiting any special effect from independent variables that implemented by the researchers.  In the case above, the researchers made the conclusion on the health status without giving the patients any drugs or other type of treatment. This is why this can considered as prevalence survey.

the federal government of the united states was established by the constitution. us is a presidential republic. the president is head of state, head of government and of a two party legislative and electoral system. the supreme court balances the powers of the federal and the state government. yhe executive branch is headed by the oresident. there are two chambers of congress, the senate and the house of representatives. judicial power is exercised by the judicial branch (or judiciary), comprised of the supreme court and lower federal courts. the judiciary's function is to interpret the   constitution as well as the federal laws and regulations.