Bourgon and armstrong (2005) did a study to investigate how much treatment is needed to reduce criminal offending. their results suggest that

Bourgon and Armstrong's study concluded that the principles of "risk", "need", and "responsitivity" are linked with the effectiveness of a treatment aimed to reduce reoffending.

However, the effectiveness of the treatment is hindered by the fact that the individual is in prison.

Their study separated 620 unprisoned individuals into 2 groups. 482 prisoners received treatment and 138 were left untreated. Results showed that prison-based treatment can be useful in the efforts to reduce recidivism. Additionally, there are minimum levels of treatment necessary in order to gain results. These depend heavily on an individuals "risk" and "need" factor.

the technology changed agriculture in an impacting manner since many people left the field work by a cellular or other technological appliances

the following men who did not in the unification of italy were.

a) giuseppe mazzini

c) alexander ll

the other two men were camilo cavour and giuseppe garibaldi they the unification of italy by yielding territories in the italian unification. in 1861 italy was declared a united-nation state under the sardinian king victor immanuel ll.