Ron guesses that joe is about to talk of his recent vacation, minutes before joe begins to speak. as a result, ron's mind wanders off to consider other stuff and when his attention returns to what joe is speaking, the latter seems to have gone on an unexpected track. in the given example, it is observed that ron's listening is hindered most by:

Ron listening is hindered by an Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). This is a brain disorder that is characterized by an ongoing pattern of 3 factors:

In this case, Ron is being affected by the "Inattention" factor of ADHD, causing him to lack attention and lose track of what Joe is saying.

the correct answer is "c": the pillars proclaimed his regret at the bloodshed at the battle of kalinga and his conversion to buddhism.

the kalinga war is considered as one of the largest battles in the history of india. it was fought between the between the maurya empire, which ruled the lands of what is now known as india at the time, and the independent feudal kingdom of kalinga.

the army of maurya empire, led by its king ashoka, fought a prolonged war against kalinga. the war ended around 262 bce with the victory of the maurya empire. it is believed that ashoka, after having witnessed the loss of many lives during this war, felt deep responsibility and eventually converted into buddhism.