1. according to durkheim’s article what makes sociology different, people only conform to a norm (a written or unwritten rule that specifies appropriate social behavior in a given setting) if there is a threat or direct and physical use of force against those who deviate from the norm.

Durkheim makes a difference between sociology and the rest, stating that it (sociology) focus on generalizing their analyses to create universal social laws. This is different, for example, to physicists that use observations from any situation in order to theorize and support formulations of universally applicable laws.

Now, talking about norms, they could be seen as a restrictive behaviors, where the individual believes that by adhering to morality, they are serving the common good, and for this reason, the individual submits voluntarily to the moral commandment, a form of adhering to a society and being part of it. As Durkheim argues, this moral authority is primarily to be located in religion (heaven, hell, go to church)

So, they could be restitutive or restorative. Whatever the fault is, there is a way of "paying back" like sentence in jail, paying extra money and so on.

is this from a story?

if so, can you tell which one?

~courtney

it is a part of john locke's natural rights popular during the age of enlightenment that people had inalienable rights to life, liberty and property. this was reflected by thomas jefferson in his declaration of independence as rights to life,liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

another line in the declaration of independence is that people have certain rights just because they are human. humans are capable of obeying the three natural rights john locke mentioned making them governable by these laws and therefore entitled to these rights as well.