Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it is, and , which describe how the world should be.

I believe the answer is: normative statement

Normative statement is often used as if the speaker is living in ideal world. This statement is usually used to encourage someone who is feeling down. For example, when you try to cheer out your friend that dumped by his girlfriend, you would say normative statement such as 'someone as kind as you would eventually meet the girl that deserve you'

the answer is d.index